.Net

.NET

·         NET (pronounced dot net) is a framework that provides a programming guidelines that can be used to develop a wide range of applications–––from web to mobile to Windows-based applications. The .NET framework can work with several programming languages such as C#, VB.NET, C++ and F#. . NET is an open-source developer platform with no licensing costs and free development tools for Linux, macOS, and Windows.

·         .NET Framework is a software framework developed by Microsoft that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows. It includes a large class library named as Framework Class Library and provides language interoperability across several programming languages.

C# is known as C sharp that is a simple and easy, latest object oriented language. With this, we can doprogramming safely.

F# pronounced as a cross platform, best open source programming language for .NET.

.Net Vs Java

The main difference between Java and .NET is that Java, usually Java Enterprise Edition (JEE), can work on any operating system, while .NET works only on various versions of Windows. ... However, the J2EEframework sets Java as a default language, while .NET is compatible with other languages such as C#, F#, and VB.net.

.Net is a programming framework developed by Microsoft, which can be used to build different types of applications like – Console, Windows, Web application and Mobile based applications. It provides controlled environment with built-in tools for developing, installing and executing different types of applications.

Microsoft .Net Framework:

The .Net framework is a software development platform developed by Microsoft. The framework was meant to create applications, which would run on the Windows Platform. The first version of the .Net framework was released in the year 2002. The version was called .Net framework 1.0. The .Net framework has come a long way since then, and the current version is 4.7.1. The .Net framework can be used to create both - Form-based and Web-based applications. Web services can also be developed using the .Net framework.

The framework also supports various programming languages such as Visual Basic and C#. So developers can choose and select the language to develop the required application.

.Net Framework Runtime:

The runtime includes everything you need to run existing apps/programs built with .NET Framework.

.Net Framework Developer Pack:

The developer pack is used by software developers to create applications that run on .NET Framework, typically using Visual Studio.

.Net Framework Architecture

The basic architecture of the .Net framework is as shown below.

.NET Components

The architecture of the .Net framework is based on the following key components;

1. Common Language Runtime

The "Common Language Infrastructure" or CLI is a platform on which the .Net programs are executed.

The CLI has the following key features:

Exception Handling - Exceptions are errors which occur when the application is executed.

Examples of exceptions are:

If an application tries to open a file on the local machine, but the file is not present.

If the application tries to fetch some records from a database, but the connection to the database is not valid.

Garbage Collection - Garbage collection is the process of removing unwanted resources when they are no longer required.

Examples of garbage collection are

A File handle which is no longer required. If the application has finished all operations on a file, then the file handle may no longer be required.

The database connection is no longer required. If the application has finished all operations on a database, then the database connection may no longer be required.

Working with Various programming languages –

As noted in an earlier section, a developer can develop an application in a variety of .Net programming languages.

Language - The first level is the programming language itself, the most common ones are VB.Net and C#.

Compiler – There is a compiler which will be separate for each programming language. So underlying the VB.Net language, there will be a separate VB.Net compiler. Similarly, for C#, you will have another compiler.

Common Language Interpreter – This is the final layer in .Net which would be used to run a .net program developed in any programming language. So the subsequent compiler will send the program to the CLI layer to run the .Net application.

2. Class Library

The .NET Framework includes a set of standard class libraries. A class library is a collection of methods and functions that can be used for the core purpose.

For example, there is a class library with methods to handle all file-level operations. So there is a method which can be used to read the text from a file. Similarly, there is a method to write text to a file.

Most of the methods are split into either the System.* or Microsoft.* namespaces. (The asterisk * just means a reference to all of the methods that fall under the System or Microsoft namespace)

A namespace is a logical separation of methods. We will learn these namespaces more in detail in the subsequent chapters.

3. Languages

The types of applications that can be built in the .Net framework is classified broadly into the following categories.

WinForms – This is used for developing Forms-based applications, which would run on an end user machine. Notepad is an example of a client-based application.

ASP.Net – This is used for developing web-based applications, which are made to run on any browser such as Internet Explorer, Chrome or Firefox.

The Web application would be processed on a server, which would have Internet Information Services Installed.

Internet Information Services or IIS is a Microsoft component which is used to execute an Asp.Net application. The result of the execution is then sent to the client machines, and the output is shown in the browser.

ADO.Net – This technology is used to develop applications to interact with Databases such as Oracle or Microsoft SQL Server. Microsoft always ensures that .Net frameworks are in compliance with all the supported Windows operating systems.

Summary

.Net is a programming language developed by Microsoft. It was designed to build applications which could run on the Windows platform. The .Net programming language can be used to develop Forms based applications, Web based applications, and Web services. Developers can choose from a variety of programming languages available on the .Net platform. The most common ones are VB.Net and C#.

Dot net core open-source web framework, which has more performance than ASP.NET. It developed and implemented by the Microsoft community. Subsequently, it is expandable and runs on .NET framework and cross-platform .NET core.

This framework will replace the ASP.NET MVC and ASP.NET web API into one single programming model. Dotnet core has run time, library, compiler components. You can design applications that operate on Linux, Mac OS X, and windows.

Visual Basic and Visual Studio

Visual Studio is the full package of IDE and languages that Microsoft supports. Visual Basic is an event driven programming language, while Visual Studio is a Software development tool (Integrated development Environment). So there is no point in comparing programming language with IDE. Visual Studio has a component for Visual Basic. ... net framework supports following languages.

VBA (Visual Basic for Applications):

VBA stands for Visual Basic for Applications an event-driven programming language from Microsoft that is now predominantly used with Microsoft office applications such as MSExcel, MS-Word, and MS-Access. It helps techies to build customized applications and solutions to enhance the capabilities of those applications.

VBA enables you to automate various activities in Excel like generating reports, preparing charts & graphs, doing calculations, etc. This automation activity is also often referred as Macro. This way it helps users to save their time spent behind running the repetitive steps.

VB6 vs VB.NET:

VB6 is obsolete now, not supported by Microsoft anymore. VB6 has been really wonderful platform and some of the best application were built using this. VB6 is non-object oriented principle based language. Whereas, VB.NET , from a coding style perspective looks similar to old VB6, but, has more power to it, just because it sits on the .Net platform.

There are various differences and some of them can be summarized as below:

1. DLL registry related issue resolved in .Net framework - that is, various versions of components can reside on single machine without any problem (DLL Hell problem)

2. ADO has improved a lot than ADODB (VB6) - it supports disconnected data sets etc.

3. With VB.NET, can easily create websites, while it was almost impossible to do so using old VB6

VB6 is not Object-Oriented as same as VB.NET become.

As you use the .NET Framework with VB.NET you can develop Windows applications and Web applications, services, fully design websites and Mobile applications which could not be done by VB6.

With vb6 you have to add some special Dlls or OCX Controls to develop some system applications, but in VB.NET you will have a huge library to do what you imagine in Windows, Web and Mobile Applications development.

Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects", which can contain data, in the form of fields, and code, in the form of procedures. A feature of objects is an object's procedures that can access and often modify the data fields of the object with which they are associated.

ASP.NET is a framework for developing dynamic web applications. It supports languages like VB.Net, C#, Jscript.Net, etc. The programming logic and content can be developed separately in Microsoft Asp.Net.

Dot net technologies:  ASP.NET Core, ASP.NET MVC, ASP.NET Web API, C#.NET, SQL Server, Design Patterns, SOLID Principles, Angular, Entity Framework, LINQ and many more.

AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. This is a cross platform technology which speeds up response time. The AJAX server controls add script to the page which is executed and processed by the browser.

LINQ (Language Integrated Query)

Web Technologies – Microsoft

VB.NET, ASP.NET, ADO.NET, VC++.NET, C#, COM, DCOM

.NET: asp.net, C#, VB.net, Visual Studio, ASP.NET, .net Web Services, ASP.NET, MVC, AJAX, Classic ASP, JavaScript, VBScript, HTML, DHTML, XML, CSS, JQuery, webForms and win Forms,

.NET Platform & Tools

Microsoft Visual Studio, 2008/2005/.NET 2003,C#, Visual Basic.NET, ADO.NET

Microsoft Message Queuing Service, COM, DCOM, COM+ Services, Enterprise Library, Smart Client Software Factory, Architectural Guidance Software Factory, LINQ, Hibernate, Log4Net, NLog, NUnit

Windows 98/2000/XP/vista/7/8/8.1/10

.NET Web Development

ASP.NET, AJAX, JavaScript, IIS Runtime Parameter Optimizations, IIS/ Web Application Performance Benchmarking, HTML, DHTML, XML, XSLT, CSS, Microsoft SharePoint Server, Microsoft Silverlight

.NET Web Forms, Microsoft Internet Explorer Compatibility, HTML Components, Cross-browser Support

.Net Custom applications Skills

ASP.NET, ADO.NET, .NET enterprise servers, .NET 3.0 (WPF, WCF, Windows presentation Foundation (WPF)

Silverlight, Visual Basic.NET, C#, .NET compact framework, Web forms, web services and web server controls

Web services, SOAP, WSE, SOA, UDDI, Win forms, COM interoperability, SQL server, Windows CE.NET, Microsoft Visual Studio .NET, Microsoft Visual Studio 2005, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Visual Basic,mBorland Delphi with .NET

Django is a Python-based free and open-source web framework, which follows the model-template-view architectural pattern.Django is a free and open source web application framework written in Python. ... Built by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of Web development, so you can focus on writing your app without needing to reinvent the wheel. It's free and open source.

Python is a general purpose programming language. Hence, you can use the programming language for developing both desktop and web applications. Also, you can use Python for developing complex scientific and numeric applications. Python is designed with features to facilitate data analysis and visualization. First and foremost reason why Python is much popular because it is highly productive as compared to other programming languages like C++ and Java. ... Python is also very famous for its simple programming syntax, code readability and English-like commands that make coding in Python lot easier and efficient.

Which of the programming languages has the best scope in the near future?

No one can say that which programming language is the best. Because technology changes so rapidly and several IT companies are developing their own programming language.Many have already developed like Apple has its own programming language Swift and Google has developed kotlin programming language so no need of worry about which coding language is best.Grab any and learn that language till depth. There is a rule of coding.If you are master in one language,you can learn easily other language.The basic difference between coding language is just Syntax of language.

If it's Mobile-centric, .NET, Java and ObjectiveC/Swift are your best choices. 

If it's analytics, R and Python are great options. 

Web Applications  Ruby+Rails, Python+Django, Scala or Java+Play for example. 

Objective-C is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language.

Swift is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm, compiled programming language developed by Apple Inc. for iOS, iPadOS, macOS, watchOS, tvOS, Linux, and z/OS. Swift is designed to work with Apple's Cocoa and Cocoa Touch frameworks and the large body of existing Objective-C code written for Apple products.

Scala combines object-oriented and functional programming in one concise, high-level language. Scala's static types help avoid bugs in complex applications. Scala is a programming language used for functional programming and strong static systems. It is object-oriented and it runs on JVM. It has the capability to interoperate with existing Java code and libraries.

Is Scala better than Java?

Performance: According to many websites, Scala is faster than Java. Some programmers even claim that Scala is 20% faster than Java. Both these programming languages run on JVM. ... Also, the Scala developers have option to use several Java development libraries and frameworks as it is also a JVM language.

R is a programming language and free software environment for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Foundation for Statistical Computing. The R language is widely used among statisticians and data miners for developing statistical software and data analysis.

Ruby on Rails, or Rails, is a server-side web application framework written in Ruby under the MIT License. Rails is a model–view–controller framework, providing default structures for a database, a web service, and web pages, The Rails framework helps developers to build websites and applications.

Is Ruby and Ruby on Rails the same?

Ruby is a scripting language and Rails is a framework which is built using Ruby. Ruby and Rails are tightly coupled and "Rails is magic emerged out of Ruby". Whatever you write in a Rails application is just Ruby code. When you run a Rails application, you are just interpreting the Ruby code using Ruby's interpreter.

Both Python and Ruby have interpreted scripting languages unlike Java, C++ and other compiled languages. Although, compiled languages tend to run comparatively faster. Ruby on Rails is somewhat more popular as a web development tool than Django-Python. Python is favored more in the academic and scientific parlance.

Python can be used as scripting language in backend. As others already said, basically you can't use Python at the front-end.

Python Frameworks fora Python developer.

·         CherryPy

·         Flask

·         Django

·         Pyramid

·         TurboGears

·         Pylons

·         Web2py